// LzwInputStream.cs
//
// Copyright (C) 2009 Gabriel Burca
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
// of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
//
// Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is
// making a combined work based on this library.  Thus, the terms and
// conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole
// combination.
// 
// As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
// permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
// executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent
// modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under
// terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked
// independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that
// module.  An independent module is a module which is not derived from
// or based on this library.  If you modify this library, you may extend
// this exception to your version of the library, but you are not
// obligated to do so.  If you do not wish to do so, delete this
// exception statement from your version.

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.LZW
{

    /// <summary>
    /// This filter stream is used to decompress a LZW format stream.
    /// Specifically, a stream that uses the LZC compression method.
    /// This file format is usually associated with the .Z file extension.
    ///
    /// See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compress
    /// See http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Development:_Z_File_Format
    /// 
    /// The file header consists of 3 (or optionally 4) bytes. The first two bytes
    /// contain the magic marker "0x1f 0x9d", followed by a byte of flags.
    ///
    /// Based on Java code by Ronald Tschalar, which in turn was based on the unlzw.c
    /// code in the gzip package.
    /// </summary>
    /// <example> This sample shows how to unzip a compressed file
    /// <code>
    /// using System;
    /// using System.IO;
    /// 
    /// using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.Core;
    /// using ICSharpCode.SharpZipLib.LZW;
    /// 
    /// class MainClass
    /// {
    /// 	public static void Main(string[] args)
    /// 	{
    ///			using (Stream inStream = new LzwInputStream(File.OpenRead(args[0])))
    ///			using (FileStream outStream = File.Create(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(args[0]))) {
    ///				byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
    ///				StreamUtils.Copy(inStream, outStream, buffer);
    ///                         // OR
    ///                         inStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
    ///                         // now do something with the buffer
    /// 		}
    /// 	}
    /// }	
    /// </code>
    /// </example>
    public class LzwInputStream : Stream
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Get/set flag indicating ownership of underlying stream.
        /// When the flag is true <see cref="Close"/> will close the underlying stream also.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// The default value is true.
        /// </remarks>
        public bool IsStreamOwner
        {
            get { return isStreamOwner; }
            set { isStreamOwner = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a LzwInputStream
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="baseInputStream">
        /// The stream to read compressed data from (baseInputStream LZW format)
        /// </param>
        public LzwInputStream(Stream baseInputStream) {
            this.baseInputStream = baseInputStream;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// See <see cref="System.IO.Stream.ReadByte"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int ReadByte() {
            int b = Read(one, 0, 1);
            if (b == 1)
                return (one[0] & 0xff);
            return -1;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reads decompressed data into the provided buffer byte array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name ="buffer">
        /// The array to read and decompress data into
        /// </param>
        /// <param name ="offset">
        /// The offset indicating where the data should be placed
        /// </param>
        /// <param name ="count">
        /// The number of bytes to decompress
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>The number of bytes read. Zero signals the end of stream</returns>
        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
            if (!headerParsed) ParseHeader();

            if (eof) return -1;
            int start = offset;

            /* Using local copies of various variables speeds things up by as
	         * much as 30% in Java! Performance not tested in C#.
	         */
            int[] lTabPrefix = tabPrefix;
            byte[] lTabSuffix = tabSuffix;
            byte[] lStack = stack;
            int lNBits = nBits;
            int lMaxCode = maxCode;
            int lMaxMaxCode = maxMaxCode;
            int lBitMask = bitMask;
            int lOldCode = oldCode;
            byte lFinChar = finChar;
            int lStackP = stackP;
            int lFreeEnt = freeEnt;
            byte[] lData = data;
            int lBitPos = bitPos;


            // empty stack if stuff still left
            int sSize = lStack.Length - lStackP;
            if (sSize > 0) {
                int num = (sSize >= count) ? count : sSize;
                Array.Copy(lStack, lStackP, buffer, offset, num);
                offset += num;
                count -= num;
                lStackP += num;
            }

            if (count == 0) {
                stackP = lStackP;
                return offset - start;
            }


            // loop, filling local buffer until enough data has been decompressed
            MainLoop: do {
                if (end < EXTRA) {
                    Fill();
                }

                int bitIn = (got > 0) ? (end - end % lNBits) << 3 :
                                        (end << 3) - (lNBits - 1);

                while (lBitPos < bitIn) {
                    #region A
                    // handle 1-byte reads correctly
                    if (count == 0) {
                        nBits = lNBits;
                        maxCode = lMaxCode;
                        maxMaxCode = lMaxMaxCode;
                        bitMask = lBitMask;
                        oldCode = lOldCode;
                        finChar = lFinChar;
                        stackP = lStackP;
                        freeEnt = lFreeEnt;
                        bitPos = lBitPos;
    
                        return offset - start;
                    }

                    // check for code-width expansion
                    if (lFreeEnt > lMaxCode) {
                        int nBytes = lNBits << 3;
                        lBitPos = (lBitPos - 1) +
                        nBytes - (lBitPos - 1 + nBytes) % nBytes;

                        lNBits++;
                        lMaxCode = (lNBits == maxBits) ? lMaxMaxCode :
                                                        (1 << lNBits) - 1;

                        lBitMask = (1 << lNBits) - 1;
                        lBitPos = ResetBuf(lBitPos);
                        goto MainLoop;
                    }
                    #endregion

                    #region B
                    // read next code
                    int pos = lBitPos >> 3;
                    int code = (((lData[pos] & 0xFF) |
                        ((lData[pos + 1] & 0xFF) << 8) |
                        ((lData[pos + 2] & 0xFF) << 16)) >>
                        (lBitPos & 0x7)) & lBitMask;

                        lBitPos += lNBits;

                    // handle first iteration
                    if (lOldCode == -1) {
                        if (code >= 256) throw new LzwException("corrupt input: " + code + " > 255");

                        lFinChar = (byte) (lOldCode = code);
                        buffer[offset++] = lFinChar;
                        count--;
                        continue;
                    }

                    // handle CLEAR code
                    if (code == TBL_CLEAR && blockMode) {
                        Array.Copy(zeros, 0, lTabPrefix, 0, zeros.Length);
                        lFreeEnt = TBL_FIRST - 1;

                        int nBytes = lNBits << 3;
                        lBitPos = (lBitPos - 1) + nBytes - (lBitPos - 1 + nBytes) % nBytes;
                        lNBits = LzwConstants.INIT_BITS;
                        lMaxCode = (1 << lNBits) - 1;
                        lBitMask = lMaxCode;

                        // Code tables reset

                        lBitPos = ResetBuf(lBitPos);
                        goto MainLoop;
                    }
                    #endregion

                    #region C
                    // setup
                    int inCode = code;
                    lStackP = lStack.Length;

                    // Handle KwK case
                    if (code >= lFreeEnt) {
                        if (code > lFreeEnt) {
                            throw new LzwException("corrupt input: code=" + code +
                                ", freeEnt=" + lFreeEnt);
                        }

                        lStack[--lStackP] = lFinChar;
                        code = lOldCode;
                    }

                    // Generate output characters in reverse order
                    while (code >= 256) {
                        lStack[--lStackP] = lTabSuffix[code];
                        code = lTabPrefix[code];
                    }

                    lFinChar = lTabSuffix[code];
                    buffer[offset++] = lFinChar;
                    count--;

                    // And put them out in forward order
                    sSize = lStack.Length - lStackP;
                    int num = (sSize >= count) ? count : sSize;
                    Array.Copy(lStack, lStackP, buffer, offset, num);
                    offset += num;
                    count -= num;
                    lStackP += num;
                    #endregion

                    #region D
                    // generate new entry in table
                    if (lFreeEnt < lMaxMaxCode) {
                        lTabPrefix[lFreeEnt] = lOldCode;
                        lTabSuffix[lFreeEnt] = lFinChar;
                        lFreeEnt++;
                    }

                    // Remember previous code
                    lOldCode = inCode;

                    // if output buffer full, then return
                    if (count == 0) {
                        nBits = lNBits;
                        maxCode = lMaxCode;
                        bitMask = lBitMask;
                        oldCode = lOldCode;
                        finChar = lFinChar;
                        stackP = lStackP;
                        freeEnt = lFreeEnt;
                        bitPos = lBitPos;

                        return offset - start;
                    }
                    #endregion
                }   // while

                lBitPos = ResetBuf(lBitPos);

            } while (got > 0);  // do..while

            nBits = lNBits;
            maxCode = lMaxCode;
            bitMask = lBitMask;
            oldCode = lOldCode;
            finChar = lFinChar;
            stackP = lStackP;
            freeEnt = lFreeEnt;
            bitPos = lBitPos;

            eof = true;
            return offset - start;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Moves the unread data in the buffer to the beginning and resets
        /// the pointers.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bitPosition"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private int ResetBuf(int bitPosition) {
            int pos = bitPosition >> 3;
            Array.Copy(data, pos, data, 0, end - pos);
            end -= pos;
            return 0;
        }


        private void Fill() {
            got = baseInputStream.Read(data, end, data.Length - 1 - end);
            if (got > 0) {
                end += got;
            }
        }


        private void ParseHeader() {
            headerParsed = true;

            byte[] hdr = new byte[LzwConstants.HDR_SIZE];

            int result = baseInputStream.Read(hdr, 0, hdr.Length);

            // Check the magic marker
            if (result < 0)
                throw new LzwException("Failed to read LZW header");

            if (hdr[0] != (LzwConstants.MAGIC >> 8) || hdr[1] != (LzwConstants.MAGIC & 0xff)) {
                throw new LzwException(String.Format(
                    "Wrong LZW header. Magic bytes don't match. 0x{0:x2} 0x{1:x2}",
                    hdr[0], hdr[1]));
            }

            // Check the 3rd header byte
            blockMode = (hdr[2] & LzwConstants.BLOCK_MODE_MASK) > 0;
            maxBits = hdr[2] & LzwConstants.BIT_MASK;

            if (maxBits > LzwConstants.MAX_BITS) {
                throw new LzwException("Stream compressed with " + maxBits +
                    " bits, but decompression can only handle " +
                    LzwConstants.MAX_BITS + " bits.");
            }

            if ((hdr[2] & LzwConstants.RESERVED_MASK) > 0) {
                throw new LzwException("Unsupported bits set in the header.");
            }

            // Initialize variables
            maxMaxCode = 1 << maxBits;
            nBits = LzwConstants.INIT_BITS;
            maxCode = (1 << nBits) - 1;
            bitMask = maxCode;
            oldCode = -1;
            finChar = 0;
            freeEnt = blockMode ? TBL_FIRST : 256;

            tabPrefix = new int[1 << maxBits];
            tabSuffix = new byte[1 << maxBits];
            stack = new byte[1 << maxBits];
            stackP = stack.Length;

            for (int idx = 255; idx >= 0; idx--)
                tabSuffix[idx] = (byte)idx;
        }

        #region Stream Overrides
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports reading
        /// </summary>
        public override bool CanRead
        {
            get
            {
                return baseInputStream.CanRead;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value of false indicating seeking is not supported for this stream.
        /// </summary>
        public override bool CanSeek
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value of false indicating that this stream is not writeable.
        /// </summary>
        public override bool CanWrite
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// A value representing the length of the stream in bytes.
        /// </summary>
        public override long Length
        {
            get
            {
                return got;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The current position within the stream.
        /// Throws a NotSupportedException when attempting to set the position
        /// </summary>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Attempting to set the position</exception>
        public override long Position
        {
            get
            {
                return baseInputStream.Position;
            }
            set
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("InflaterInputStream Position not supported");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Flushes the baseInputStream
        /// </summary>
        public override void Flush()
        {
            baseInputStream.Flush();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the position within the current stream
        /// Always throws a NotSupportedException
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="offset">The relative offset to seek to.</param>
        /// <param name="origin">The <see cref="SeekOrigin"/> defining where to seek from.</param>
        /// <returns>The new position in the stream.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Any access</exception>
        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("Seek not supported");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set the length of the current stream
        /// Always throws a NotSupportedException
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The new length value for the stream.</param>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Any access</exception>
        public override void SetLength(long value)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("InflaterInputStream SetLength not supported");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Writes a sequence of bytes to stream and advances the current position
        /// This method always throws a NotSupportedException
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">Thew buffer containing data to write.</param>
        /// <param name="offset">The offset of the first byte to write.</param>
        /// <param name="count">The number of bytes to write.</param>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Any access</exception>
        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("InflaterInputStream Write not supported");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Writes one byte to the current stream and advances the current position
        /// Always throws a NotSupportedException
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The byte to write.</param>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Any access</exception>
        public override void WriteByte(byte value)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("InflaterInputStream WriteByte not supported");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Entry point to begin an asynchronous write.  Always throws a NotSupportedException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">The buffer to write data from</param>
        /// <param name="offset">Offset of first byte to write</param>
        /// <param name="count">The maximum number of bytes to write</param>
        /// <param name="callback">The method to be called when the asynchronous write operation is completed</param>
        /// <param name="state">A user-provided object that distinguishes this particular asynchronous write request from other requests</param>
        /// <returns>An <see cref="System.IAsyncResult">IAsyncResult</see> that references the asynchronous write</returns>
        /// <exception cref="NotSupportedException">Any access</exception>
        public override IAsyncResult BeginWrite(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("InflaterInputStream BeginWrite not supported");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Closes the input stream.  When <see cref="IsStreamOwner"></see>
        /// is true the underlying stream is also closed.
        /// </summary>
        public override void Close()
        {
            if (!isClosed)
            {
                isClosed = true;
                if (isStreamOwner)
                {
                    baseInputStream.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Instance Fields

        Stream baseInputStream;

        /// <summary>
        /// Flag indicating wether this instance is designated the stream owner.
        /// When closing if this flag is true the underlying stream is closed.
        /// </summary>
        bool isStreamOwner = true;

        /// <summary>
        /// Flag indicating wether this instance has been closed or not.
        /// </summary>
        bool isClosed;

        readonly byte[] one = new byte[1];
        bool headerParsed;

        // string table stuff
        private const int TBL_CLEAR = 0x100;
        private const int TBL_FIRST = TBL_CLEAR + 1;

        private int[] tabPrefix;
        private byte[] tabSuffix;
        private readonly int[] zeros = new int[256];
        private byte[] stack;

        // various state
        private bool blockMode;
        private int nBits;
        private int maxBits;
        private int maxMaxCode;
        private int maxCode;
        private int bitMask;
        private int oldCode;
        private byte finChar;
        private int stackP;
        private int freeEnt;

        // input buffer
        private readonly byte[] data = new byte[1024 * 8];
        private int bitPos;
        private int end;
        int got;
        private bool eof;
        private const int EXTRA = 64;
        #endregion
    }
}